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2011年11月，由北京故宮博物院、中國(guó)古陶瓷學(xué)會(huì)、福建省文物局、德化縣人民政府共同主辦的“2011中國(guó)瓷都?德化窯學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)”在瓷都德化舉辦，近百位國(guó)內(nèi)外博物館館長(zhǎng)、從事陶瓷文化研究的專家學(xué)者齊聚瓷都德化，以“的故鄉(xiāng)、瓷藝術(shù)的搖籃”為主題，共同研討深厚的德化窯陶瓷文化。

研討會(huì)共提交專題論文39篇，其中不乏外國(guó)專家的作品。與會(huì)的專家學(xué)者以翔實(shí)的圖文史料為佐證，從學(xué)術(shù)專業(yè)的角度對(duì)德化窯在國(guó)內(nèi)外陶瓷文化領(lǐng)域的歷史地位和影響做了全面深刻的闡述，是一筆難得的、豐碩的學(xué)術(shù)成果。

近期，《外國(guó)人眼中的“”》欄目將再次回顧刊載該研討會(huì)的相關(guān)論文，并對(duì)其中的論文進(jìn)行翻譯，為廣大德化陶瓷文化研究愛(ài)好者提供學(xué)習(xí)、交流、參考。

Dehua Ceramics in Long-distance Trade in the Song- Yuan period: excavations at Satingpra, South Thailand（九）

Janice Stargardt  翻譯：孫延燕

In fact, the underglaze and glaze colours found among Chinese ceramics excavated at Satingpra are confined to a strikingly narrow, monochrome range: various shades of green, white and bluish-white with rare specimens of black or very dark brown glaze. Taken together the two white-bodied and white glazed wares-Jingdezhen and Dehua are more numerous than the Longquan wares during the Southern Song period, thereby suggesting a preference for white wares. No specimens of bi-or multi-coloured ceramics have been found. For instance the white glazed small bowls and water droppers with iron oxide spots or splashes found in numbers in the Philippines are entirely absent at Satingpra. Thus although the exceptionally high density of the deposits of Chinese ceramics testify to an active trade between China and Satingpra, the character of the ceramics found there(and also those absent)indicate that a particular trade network and distinct market preferences operated to determine what kind, quality and number of Chinese ceramics would find their way to Satingpra. Moreover these selective factors resulted not only from the tastes of the rulers and local elites of the Satingpra sites, but also reflected the market preferences of other courts elsewhere on the Isthmus, at Jambi in Sumatra and no doubt in India and the Middle East for whom Satingpra acted as an entrepot and mediator in the China trade.

事實(shí)上，在塞丁普拉發(fā)現(xiàn)的釉下和釉上的中國(guó)瓷器只局限于極窄的單色釉范圍，包括各種綠色、白色、青白色以及少量黑色或深褐色釉。南宋時(shí)期景德鎮(zhèn)和德化兩種白胎白釉瓷器加在一起，比龍泉窯的數(shù)量更多，因而推斷出一種白瓷偏好。沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)雙色或多色陶瓷的標(biāo)本。例如，在菲律賓發(fā)現(xiàn)的數(shù)量眾多的白色釉面小碗和帶有氧化鐵斑點(diǎn)的水滴，在塞丁普拉完全沒(méi)有。因此，盡管塞丁普拉中國(guó)陶瓷器異常高密度的發(fā)現(xiàn)證明了兩地之間活躍的貿(mào)易，但在那里發(fā)現(xiàn)的陶瓷制品的特點(diǎn)(以及那些缺失的陶瓷制品)表明，一個(gè)特定的貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)和不同的市場(chǎng)偏好在發(fā)揮作用，由此來(lái)確定哪些種類、質(zhì)量和數(shù)量的中國(guó)陶瓷器會(huì)進(jìn)入塞丁普拉。此外，這些選擇性因素不僅來(lái)自于統(tǒng)治者和塞丁普拉遺址當(dāng)?shù)鼐㈦A層的品味，而且也反映了蘇門(mén)答臘占碑以及印度和中東其他地峽地區(qū)宮廷的市場(chǎng)偏好，塞丁普拉充當(dāng)了中國(guó)貿(mào)易的轉(zhuǎn)口港和中間人。

Finally, locating Satingpra in the wider context of famous port cities of South East Asia, it is significant that Malacca rose after Satingpra ceased to operate as an important port. Although Malacca did not enjoy the benefits of the trans-isthian routes that so radically shortened the journey between the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, it was in a position to overlook and to benefit from the maritime trade passing through the Malacca Straits which, like its predecessor, functioned as the zone of interaction between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, the world’s greatest trading waters for many centuries.

最后，把塞丁普拉放在東南亞著名港口城市的大背景下，意義重大的是，繼塞丁普拉之后，馬六甲作為一個(gè)重要港口崛起。雖然馬六甲并沒(méi)有享受到急速縮短的跨南中國(guó)海和印度洋之間跨海峽航線帶來(lái)的便利，但它卻雄踞馬六甲海峽的咽喉，并受益于跨海峽的海上貿(mào)易。與它的先前者一樣，幾世紀(jì)以來(lái)，馬六甲一直作為世界上最偉大的貿(mào)易水域——印度洋和南中國(guó)海之間海上貿(mào)易活躍的互動(dòng)區(qū)。

責(zé)任編輯：陳美珠